Report On Business Communication Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1740 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The communication method be shove in the direction of understand effective communication. Over and over again communication is view as a simple exchange of communication stuck between a spokesperson and a listener, but this is an immature view. Those that go behind the communication process strength of character have the chance to become more dynamic in every phase of their career. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Report On Business Communication Business Essay" essay for you Create order Businesses today face economic pressures and huge competition. Communication gap may affect company growth. Launch a big business perspective, effective communication is a complete, because it frequently accounts for the differentiation between success, letdown or income and loss. It has been changed into basic that useful production communication be critical to the successful operation of up to date enterprise. Even though, every trade human being wants to realize the basics of effective communication. We will utilize communication better and help to create healthy development in the world. In the vastly competitive market, efficient business communication is important for successful company. It optimizes a business and achieves customer hope. Professional commerce statement increases the production and employee happiness. Since of worldwide marketplace communication among country make compound in term of safety and criminal acts. MAIN BODY Question 1 Explain the communication process. How does one ensure that the intended audience has received the right message? 2.0 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION PROCESS Communication is the process of sharing messages between living organisms. Communication essential sender, future receiver plus a message. It is awfully important to express communication. The method of communication is receiver must realize whole message beginning the correspondent. These are many types of communication processes. It can be separated into nonverbal communication, oral statement, visual communication and written statement. Non verbal communication is transmission message without statement. For example, signal body language and phrase. Oral communication is the handing over message trough debate, speeches, presentation and interpersonal communication. Further more, visual communication is the conveying in sequence through visual representations. For example, drawing, graphic, electronic resources and signs. Written communication is the assigning information in the course of papers, clay and shine. Base on the advance of communication we can majorly divide in t o Stone Age, old age and in rank period. Otherwise, during Stone Age, people used grunt as well as body tongue meant for direct communication and drums were used for long space communication. Next is, center age. These, people used letter by the help of pigeons and own messenger by base, horse or ship to express messages. Information age is also known as supercomputer age. Previous few decades globe gain enormous development in information technology. It makes communication professional in all type of business. Globalization is easier for major enterprise since of enlargement in the statement. The communication is especially important tool headed for exchange ideas and convey the information to different people. Human communication is revolutionized from symbols to telecommunication. The square representation of language is secret code. Symbols were used about 30,000 being past. Symbols were used very earlier before common language developed. The formation of all outlines in t he communication is based on the concept of symbols. Several of the early symbols are cave in picture, Petro glyphs, Pictograms also Ideograms and later alphabet was urban to convey messages. In addition to nowadays alphabets are used for all type of written communication. Verbal communication form of communication started before 20,000 years ago. Speech is the program of in order and knowledge. Speech makes easier management and teamwork. But still speech is not great medium of communication as human memory could not remember for long time. Nowadays speeches are store in the electronic medium. Emails are generally used for written category of communication. Reports and presentations are important document for any department. This is very popular medium for knowledge evolution Businesses today face economic pressures and huge competition. Communication space may affect company development. To reduce the communication gap, enterprise should discuss their issues in moment and ge t the answer in time. 3.0 HOW AUDIENCE RECEIVE THE MESSAGE Telecommunication is dreadfully controlling communication structure. Most recent few centuries it has been developed quickly. The growth of communication assist for increase of enterprises and it make easier used for efficient communication. A few examples are television, mobile phones, liar optical telecommunications, plus emails. The effective communication and completing of business plan acting a vital role for any were doing glowing enterprise. From advance in the creation to aim, manufacturing, back-up, sales and marketing Communication Theater key role. Professional communication plays a chief role to be successful in all type of business. Globalization makes world approximating global community. Because of globalization, markets are moving all more than the world. Goods are designed in one country, built-up in another region and product is market in some extra country. So devoid of proper communication, thumbs down company can stand in the aggressive market. Further mo re, data has to send very secure way and every sender has to make positive that messages are realization the correct receiver. Each company is maintain own course of action to protect their group information and they are use some encryption and decryption system for message convey between staff and customers. Otherwise, business communication can divide into internal and external. Internal communication is messages sent and receive within company. The main examples of internal communications are band emails, team meetings along with voice mails. From this communication viewers easily receive the correct message. We can still divide internal communication keen on two types upwards and downwards. Upward communication is message sent from lesser ranks community to higher position people in the union. Instance team, member sends a report to the project manager. Downward communication is opposite of internal communication and example is manager assign job to the lower level employe e. External business communication means exchanging of messages from company to outside people like customers, media or other companies. When customer wants complaint about product and also if they want to get the information about the product they can contact the company. It will help company to reach high customer satisfaction. There is several method of business communications are used in the enterprises. For example Web based, video conferencing, emails, reports, presentation, telephoned, forum and meetings. A web application is accessed through intranet or internet. It helps customers to read their product and help them to know about product or company. It also helps to communicate between the employees through intranet. Almost most of the manual works are saved because of web based applications. Video Conferencing allows people to attend meetings or sharing their work from different places. Telephoned speech helps to communicate long distance communication. Forum is used for informal communication, which allow people to share their knowledge and fun in common centralized locations. Face to face meetings are usual one in the day to day activities in the corporate companies. These method were used to audience for receive the message. Due to globalization, the world comes in one roof. Every countries having different culture values and also they have their own meaning of words. So cross culture communication plays vital role in the modern communication. Whenever we are participate communication, messages should be very clear and understandable globally. Nowadays one of the most popular communications is email, whenever we write formal business mail the subject line should make readers to understand the whole content of the messages. Message should be short and also we should not use any short words. The main crucial part is verifying the correct receiver before sends the mail. Our mails may be having important business strategy so that it should not reach the unintended person. Also we have to make sure that receiver got that mail. We can use delivery report or ask them to reply when they read messages. Our mail box should be secure and password should be very strong. Video conferencing is very helpful for employees to meet from different location and it helps employee to be motivated and helps employers to keep track of business progress. It has to be limited and it should not disturb the productivity of employees. Emails and chat make employees to communicate remotely. But video conferencing is more powerful compared with both. It provides the great comfortable to meet people globally and make business effectively simply sitting in the small room. Reports and presentations are important to keep track of works and productivity metrics. Also it is very efficient tool for knowledge sharing between employees. Todays competitive business, employees are jumping between companies often. In the modern business communicatio n, telephone conversation is playing major role. People in different countries may have common language, but their accent and meaning of some of the sentences may be varying based on their regions. So business conversations should be very clear and understandable to everyone. Some time it may lead to wrong understating, so it is always better to speak slow and clearly. Also we have to make sure that they understand correctly in between. Face to face meetings are helps to create a good interpersonal relationship within employees. They can discuss and solve issues in the project and management as a team. But meetings have to be recorded or minutes of meetings should be shared. Finally forums are very good to share our thoughts in a common location. It gives good relaxation to the people and creates opportunities to improve their creativity. 4.0 CONCLUSION Telecommunication revolution is thread to the security. When all the companies are using advance technology for business communication, they have to implement security procedure like cryptographic technique and secured connection to avoid information leak to the competitors and criminals. Only companys rules and technology cant stop these issues. Furthermore, dont expect that same person is involving the same business process for long time. We have perfect document and presentation, when new employee joins, he can start work without eating so many man hours. When we have good presentation it makes client or audience understand better our communication better The employees and customers also have to support to utilize advance technology better. We will utilize communication better and help to create healthy development in the world. Whenever we are communicating, we have to make sure that our communication is ethical and having moral values. Ethical communication means being t ruthful and upfront all the times. Ethical communication is creating truthfulness, accuracy and honesty. Communication should consist of caring mutual understating and respect characterizes of individuals. Everyone deserves to be respected regardless of race, gender and economic status.

How to Use String Substitution in Ruby

Splitting a string is only one way to manipulate string data. You can also make substitutions to replace one part of a string with another string. For instance, in an example string (foo,bar,baz) replacing foo with boo in would yield boo,bar,baz. You can do this and many more things using the sub and gsub method in the string class. Many Options for Ruby Substitution The substitution methods come in two varieties. The sub method is the most basic of the two and comes with the least number of surprises. It simply replaces the first instance of the designated pattern with the replacement. Whereas sub only replaces the first instance, the gsub method replaces every instance of the pattern with the replacement. In addition, both sub and gsub have sub! and gsub! counterparts. Remember, methods in Ruby that end in an exclamation point alter the variable in place instead of returning a modified copy. Search and Replace The most basic usage of the substitution methods is to replace one static search string with one static replacement string. In the above example, foo was replaced with boo. This can be done for the first occurrence of foo in the string using the sub method or with all occurrences of foo using the gsub method. #!/usr/bin/env rubya foo,bar,bazb a.sub( foo, boo )puts b $ ./1.rbfoo,bar,bazgsub$ ./1.rbboo,bar,baz Flexible Searching Searching for static strings can only go so far. Eventually, youll run into cases where a subset of strings or strings with optional components will need to be matched. The substitution methods can, of course, match regular expressions instead of static strings. This allows them to be much more flexible and match virtually any text you can dream up. This example is a little more real world. Imagine a set of comma-separated values. These values are fed into a tabulation program over which you have no control (closed source). The program that generates these values is closed source as well, but its outputting some badly-formatted data. Some fields have spaces after the comma and this is causing the tabulator program to break. One possible solution is to write a Ruby program to act as glue, or a filter, between the two programs. This Ruby program will fix any problems in the data formatting so the tabulator can do its job. To do this, its quite simple: replace a comma followed by a number of spaces with just a comma. #!/usr/bin/env rubySTDIN.each do|l|l.gsub!( /, /, , )puts lend gsub$ cat data.txt10, 20, 3012.8, 10.4,11gsub$ cat data.txt | ./2.rb10,20,3012.8,10.4,11 Flexible Replacements Now imagine this situation. In addition to the minor formatting errors, the program that produces the data produces number data in scientific notation. The tabulator program doesnt understand this, so youre going to have to replace it. Obviously, a simple gsub wont do here because the replacement will be different every time the replacement is done. Luckily, the substitution methods can take a block for the substitution arguments. For each time the search string is found, the text that matched the search string (or regex) is passed to this block. The value yielded by the block is used as the substitution string. In this example, a floating point number in scientific notation form (such as 1.232e4) is converted to a normal number with a decimal point. The string is converted to a number with to_f, then the number is formatted using a format string. #!/usr/bin/env rubySTDIN.each do|l|l.gsub!( /-?\d\.\de-?\d/) do|n|%.3f % n.to_fendl.gsub!( /, /, , )puts lend gsub$ cat floatdata.txt2.215e-1, 54, 113.15668e6, 21, 7gsub$ cat floatdata.txt | ./3.rb0.222,54,113156680.000,21,7 Not Familiar With Regular Expressions? Lets take a step back and look at that regular expression. It looks cryptic and complicated, but its very simple. If youre not familiar with regular expressions, they can be quite cryptic. However, once you are familiar with them, theyre straightforward and natural methods of describing text. There are a number of elements, and several of the elements have quantifiers. The primary element here is the \d character class. This will match any digit, the characters 0 through 9. The quantifier is used with the digit character class to signify that one or more of these digits should be matched in a row. You have three groups of digits, two separated by a . and the other separated by the letter e (for exponent). The second element floating around is the minus character, which uses the ? quantifier. This means zero or one of these elements. So, in short, there may or may not be negative signs at the beginning of the number or exponent. The two other elements are the . (period) character and the e character. Combine all this, and you get a regular expression (or set of rules for matching text) that matches numbers in scientific form (such as 12.34e56).

The Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King Jr.

Continuous cruel, and abusive treatment is familiarized as oppression. An abundance of colored folks encountered oppression in the 1960s and many have resisted from it. One memorable figure that revolutionized equally in the United States is Martin Luther King Jr. King was an activist leader during the Civil Rights Movement who nonviolently protested along with many of his followers, involving civil disobedience, peaceful symbolic protests and economic noncooperation. He used great and powerful speeches regarding racial discrimination and used other ways to fight back against inequality. For instance, King was arrested for nonviolently protesting in Birmingham when the city had a court order forbidding him to do such a thing. There wasn’t†¦show more content†¦All this due to symbolic protesting. They never gave up, they walked about 52 miles and they had themselves their voting rights. By doing more protests similar to the Selma-to-Montgomery Marches, the President wo uld have noticed how segregation was affecting folks and would have been a factor in having the amendments signed earlier, preventing many activists from being assaulted and murdered. But of course, there is a downfall for enforcing more symbolic protesting. Many pro segregation citizens were extremely reckless, they could assault colored folks and not be punished by the authorities who also were pro segregation. The more symbolic protests that the activist could had hosted, the more of a chance that someone would have inevitably been beaten and murdered. Anyways, King and his followers fought for equality and succeeded, it took some time, took some lives eventually including his own, but it definitely changed the world. Many hardware, mechanic, and food businesses were owned by pro segregation owners that rejected service to colored folks. Whereas colored folks had more difficulty receiving service at restaurants. For instance, four freshman college students from North Carolina ATT College sat in store all day until it closed, waiting to receive a coffee they had order, but they were denied service. This incident ignited many of what they called sit-in-protest, in which many colored folks sat in restaurants that refused to serve them, until theyShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr.1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is one of the greatest things in this world we are most grateful for. If we lived during the time of segregation it would have been a difficult time for us because anyone with a different skin tone would not have equal rights like the white Americans did. Furthermore, there were many people who did things to give people with color rights. Of these people was a pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. he contributed greatly to the field of Civil Rights movement with marchesRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement 597 Words   |  2 Pagestheir rights? People who did not let anything get in their way, no matter how tough times got? This place was American during the 1960s. Change in American was about to come and the people in American were going to make sure it happened. The 1960s was a time of determination, self-expression, and excitement. The 1960s came with many ups and downs. But there was many people in the 60s that made a change during that time and their legacy still has an affect on us today. People such as Martin LutherRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesA civil rights leader by the name of Reverend (PBS, 2016) Martin Luther King Jr. changed the world he occupied and changed the future course of the United States of America by advocating for desegregation. Martin Luther King Junior was on a mission to end the segregation of the African American community. Segregation was the post result of slavery throughout the United States of America which enslaved Africans. He challenged the status quo of the time. Protesting peacefully and advocating for socialRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr.1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement was a crucially essential and impactful part of American history. Since the beginning of the first colonies, racism, segregation, and mistreatment has been present in our country. First coming to the new lands through the Triangular Trade, African Americans have suffered of a lack of humane rights. As they stood up for themselves, and other non-African American supporters with them, they lead to the unraveling of one of the longest successful trials that have been foughtRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr And The Civil Rights Movement1134 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we think of the Civil Rights Movement, we often think of the most prominent leaders like Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X who’ve surely paved the way for the beginning of the movement. However many times we overlook the ones who aren’t talked about in the classrooms during Black History Month, or when we’re discussing the Civil Rights Movement. In response, I dedicate my paper on an African-American Organization to those who promoted the freedom and rights of Black Americans andRead Mo reThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1168 Words   |  5 Pages Lundberg 36). In a London speech that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered to the Christian Action Group on December 7, 1964, he discusses the positive gains that have been achieved by the civil rights movement. In this speech King provided his audience with several facts on how the people have came a long way from where they began and that the civil rights movement has made a great progress in its struggle for equal treatment under the law. In King s speech, he begins by claiming that they haveRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1050 Words   |  5 PagesPerseverance The Civil Rights Movement was a critical time in the history of the United States of America. In this time of fighting, brutality, and injustice, leaders arose to fight for equality for all, one, in particular, was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King is well-renowned for believing in something and standing up for it, even though the repercussion of his actions resulted in serving time in jail. While he served his time in Birmingham, he wrote a lengthy letter to inspire and admonishRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement Essay3359 Words   |  14 PagesUnited States of America. But first we must ask ourselves, how did this occur? Who lead African Americans to better living standards? Civil rights leaders, such as Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, and Rosa Parks, just to name a few. However, among these great names in history, there is one that stands out, and that man is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King gave hope to those in need with his awe inspirin g sermons he performed at the church his grandfather founded. He changed foes to alliesRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy.† (Famous civil-rights†¦) As Martin Luther King, Jr. said, the â€Å"measure† of a man comes not when things are going well, but when things are times are challenging. In the time of the Civil Rights movement, lots of African American people were measured by how they managed difficult situations. The Civil rights movement had many influential leaders and events. The overall importance of the movement was the profound impact it had on American life. The Civil Rights Movement had many importantRead MoreEssay on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and The Civil Rights Movement2125 Words   |  9 PagesMartin Luther King jr. was one of the most influential persons of the 20th Century. He is the father of the modern civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom as well as peace. King practiced everything that he preached, he did not preach or speak values that he himself did not follow. He established himself as a pastor that was not afraid of hard work, guiding the middle-class congregation to public service. For example, Peake, Thomas

Marvin Hugley Jr. (2231 words) Essay Example For Students

Marvin Hugley Jr. (2231 words) Essay Marvin Hugley Jr. Tim WelchEnglish 1025/22/17Title: Robert Frost The unexamined life is not worth living, Know thyselfThe great philosopher Socrates stated these ideas and made it his duty to fulfill his own reasoning. He knew that as human beings, we are a complex system of natures product that is still very enigmatic to ourselves. Thus, to fully comprehend oneself as an individual, one must look inward and seek the cause and function of ones own natural condition. Many methods are effective in ones search, and this fact holds evident to our own differences, some use social interaction as a form of investigation, while others may find solitary confinement as a more productive approach. Through my own personal path to clarity and understanding, it has proved invaluable to myself that the reading of literature and poetry has a profound effect upon fulfillment. By associating oneself into the thoughts and theories of the writer, one can gain an insight into their personal condition. Robert Frost include s much thought and examples into his own behavior as well as others. Through the analysis of Robert Frosts poetry, one attains an insight into oneself, and a deeper perspective of the human condition. Poems such as The Death of a Hired Man, The Road Not Taken, and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening all are incorporated with his thoughts of the natural human condition, and delve into his own definitive bearing.Poetry, he wrote, was one step backward taken, resisting time-a momentary stay against confusion.(Baym 1116) The confusion that Frost recalls is the chaos that is included in the search for oneself, and poetry to him was an elapse from the confusion. Itgave him comfort to read and write of his thoughts, emotions, and beliefs, and analyze them in a humanistic nature that many could relate to and enjoy. In the 1930s when writers tended to be political activists, he was one whose old-fashioned values were inappropriate, even dangerous, in modern times. Frost deeply resented this criticism, and responded with a new hortatory, didactic kind of poetry. (Baym1116) This style of poetry created an atmosphere that urged the reader to generate perception into the moral subject and envision the meaning behind them. Frost shared with Thoreau and Emerson the belief that everybody is a separate individuality and that collective enterprise could do nothing but weaken the self. (Baym 1116) This theory that Frost shared with the famous transcendentalists conveys that he was a firm believer that ones freedom of others is essential the development for the further understanding of oneself. To many transcendentalists, the pure act of coexisting within nature as an entity, creates a sense of closeness and spirituality within the human mind that is open to hear it. Frost opens the eyes of many to the griefs of country life in Death of a Hired Man, where he explores the humanistic conditions of belongings, empathy, intolerance, and dignity. Mary and Warrens farm was Silas only place to call home, where he knew he would always be accepted even if he werent welcome. Home is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in. (Frost 1122) This was home for Silas, even if his rich brother lived thirteen miles away, who was a somebody, Silas wouldnt be made ashamed to please his brother. This powerful and sound dignity stressed by Frost, exemplifies his stern belief to uphold ones own pride in oneself. Also, Silas wanted to return with one other wish than to ditch the meadow, he told Mary that he wants to teach Harold, to pass on his one true talent. The human need of belongingness isvery evident within Silas as he hopes to pass on his skill and teach his wisdom to others, to belong and to have something to belong in. He thinks that if he could teach him that, hed be some good perhaps to someone in the world. (Frost 1122) Silas wanted to have a last hope for himself, to save his last self-respect. Silas is a character that Frost uses very well to convey his personal ideals of the effect that belongingness has on deprived humans.Another character that Frost portrays to the reader as certain elements of humanistic qualities is Mary. After so many years he still keeps finding good arguments he sees he might have used. I sympathize. I know how it feels to think of something right to say too late. (Frost 1120) Marys empathetic morals are her strongest features. She feels very sorry that Silas will end his life with nothing. Poor Silas, so concerned with other folk, and nothing to look backward to with pride, and nothing to look forward to with hope. (Frost 1122) Frost uses light as a soft method to urge his view of her tenderness to Silas and its importance to his well-being.Part of the moon was falling down the we stDragging the whole sky with it to the hills.Its light poured softly in her lap/ She saw it.And spread her apron to it. She put out her handAmong the harp like morning-glory strings,Taut with the dew from garden bed to eves,As if she played unheard some tendernessThat wrought on him beside her in the night. (Frost 1122) Sympathy and tenderness are true virtues, and one may be blessed with the same if givenout to all. Mary is shown to the reader as a saint like personality, who is aware of Silas situation, and is willing to give her respect. Mary is Frosts prime illustration of a being with great qualities and a tremendous feeling for the human condition. This perfect model is more illuminate due to the final character, Warren.Warren is a stern man whose own intolerance and blunt views, limit his capacity for others pain and troubles. To Warren, Silas is a nobody, someone who has a poor conception of responsibility and proper judgment. Yet, Warren is simply very different to that of Silas. Independence and free will are the unequal components that the two diverse men share. Silas felt the home that he once know was no that of his own, so he traveled as a light wind and care free as a child.Frost masters his own technique as he brings light upon the basic needs of humans, through Silas, Mary, and Warren. The readers are put into the situation themselves, and the ideas of belongingness, understanding, and intolerance are questioned and demand review to ones own perception to the situation of needs. This method may aid the reader to increase his or her own insight as a member to belong to, as a person of care to others, without cold feelings of intolerance.The Road Not Taken is a powerful poem that Frost tells of his decisions and the impact that they have had on him as a man, as well as exploring the humanistic qualities of making a decision and fate. The poem begins as a fork in the road, with regrets that both cannot be chosen, he tells of how he looked down b oth as to foretell the coming, hoping to see a difference. Yet his decision was simply based on the wear of the grass, that he chose the untaken path. He indicates to the reader that the fate that one undergoesis nothing of ones own decision, in fact very little control is ever placed in our hands. It is the attitude that one takes, that shows the difference in us. Frost finally confesses is true thoughts to the reader in the end of the poem.I shall be saying this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in the wood, and I-Took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference. (Frost 1128)Here we see Frost advising to the reader that since our choice really is very insignificant, the only fulfillment one can undertake is finding the good in our choice, and being content with our being. This is not an easy perspective to handle; yet the gratification that comes with it is overwhelming. Such is a human quality that has been with us ages since. The regre t that one feels due to a poor decision is simply the lack of seeking the good within. If one is to become truly content with them, the ability to look within for the good is essential. Frost probes the necessary elements of happiness, which is the most fundamental aspect of human desire. The feeling of happiness is often misguided with material means and false representation. One may own great fortunes and vast land, and still be without happiness and the content of fate. Frost sees the value of such conditioning and understands the misconception; fate is an uncontrollable force that is a part of all. The understanding of such a force is available to the open minded, and unthinkable to the blunt and obtuse. Soapstone for Unmarked Women EssayWorks CitedBaym, Nina. The Notron Anthology of American Literature. Fifth edition, vol 2. Ed. Juliae Reidhead. Unites States of America, 1998Wright, Eric. Death of a hired man. Rockland, MA: Wheeler Publishers, 2002. Print.